“Light follows rules — just like code.”

As part of Physics classes, students carried out an interdisciplinary STEM project exploring the laws of geometrical optics through experimental and problem-based learning.

Using visual models, strings, laser beams, and angle markings, students demonstrated:

rectilinear propagation of light,
reflection of light,
refraction of light,
the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection,
practical applications of optics in everyday life.

A special focus of the activity was connecting physical laws with concepts of algorithmic thinking and coding.

Students explored how light “follows rules” in a way similar to how computer programs execute commands and algorithms.

The optical process was analyzed through logical steps:

A light ray reaches a surface or boundary.
The angle of incidence is identified.
The law of reflection or refraction is applied.
The light ray changes direction according to a defined rule.

Through this approach, students developed computational thinking skills, logical reasoning, prediction abilities, and an understanding of how natural phenomena can be modeled using structured rules similar to programming logic.

The project combined:

Physics,
STEM education,
Coding concepts,
Visual modeling,
Experimental learning,
Problem-solving,
Collaborative learning.

Students actively participated in designing and presenting the model, testing predictions, analyzing results, and explaining the behavior of light through both scientific and algorithmic perspectives.

Objectives

Understand the laws of geometrical optics.
Develop logical and algorithmic thinking.
Connect Physics with coding concepts.
Strengthen STEM and computational thinking skills.
Apply experimental and research-based methods.
Encourage teamwork and communication.
Develop analytical and prediction skills.

Learning Outcomes

Students are able to:

explain the laws of reflection and refraction,
model the path of light rays,
connect natural processes with algorithms,
predict and analyze light behavior,
use models to represent scientific concepts,
collaborate in solving problems and presenting results.

Slavica Bernatović

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